第十章

    1、Modernism名词解释

    Modernism was a complex and diverse （复杂多样的） international movement in all the creative arts （创造性艺术）， originating about the end of the 19th century. It provided （出现） the greatest creative renaissance of the 20th century. It was made up of many facets （方面）， such as symbolism， surrealism （超现实主义）， cubism （立体主义）， expressionism， futurism （未来主义）， ect.

    2、Greatest creative renaissance of the 20th century refers to modernism.

    3、The term “modernist” is usually reserved for more experimental and innovative modern works， those that view experience in new ways and adopt new forms.

    （Modernist不是指现代主义者，而是指现代主义艺术作品）

    4、Id名词解释

    Freud divided human personality into three functional parts - Id， Ego and Superego. The Id is the container （容器） of the instinctual urges （本能的主张）. It is the unconscious （无意识的） part of mind， which seeks （查找） immediate （即刻的） satisfaction of desires （欲望）. Id is concerned with what a person wants to do.

    5、Ego名词解释

    Freud divided human personality into three functional parts - Id， Ego and Superego. Ego is the rational （理性的）， thoughtful （深思的）， realistic personality process. It is characterized by a desire for independence （独立的）， autonomy （自发的） and self-direction. Ego is concerned with ability.

    6、Ego名词解释

    Freud divided human personality into three functional parts - Id， Ego and Superego. Superego is the idealized （理想化的） image that a person builds of himself in response （反映，响应） to authority （权威） and social pressures （压力）.

    7、Oedipus Complex名词解释

    Oedipus Complex is a Freudian term originating from a Greek tragedy， in which King Oedipus unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. Oedipus Complex was established by Freud.

    8、The Lost generation名词解释

    The Lost generation refers to a group of young intellectuals （知识分子） who came back from war， were injured （受伤害） both physically （身体上） and mentally （精神上）. They lived by indulging （放任） themselves in the Bohemian （波西米亚） way of life. Their American dream was disillusioned （破灭了）. The best representative of the lost generation was Ernest Hemingway.

    9、The Beat Generation名词解释 垮掉的一代

    The Beat Generation in America refers to a group of American youngsters （儿童） who refused to accept “respectability” and conventional （传统的） social behaviour and who cultivated （培养） a rootless manner of living. The distinctive features （有特色的特征） of the Beat Generation is that they used a special slang language and loved jazz. The Beat Generation was represented by Ginsberg's Howl （嚎叫） and Jack Keroual’s on the road.

    10、Angry Young Men名词解释 年轻愤怒的一代

    Angry Young Men was a term referring to a group of English writers who found themselves to be social misfits （不能适应环境的人）. They felt they were socially stateless （无政府状态）. Even though they were university graduates. They were very sensitive （敏感） to the undesirable （讨厌的人） things of the society. Angry Young Men was represented by John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger （愤怒问题） and Amis’ novel Lucky Jim.