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论文名称: 初始的气味：乔伊斯作品《尤利西斯》中的嗅觉要素
论文名称: In the Beginning Was Smell: A Study of Olfaction and Smell in James Joyce' s Ulysses
关键词:
气味 smell
乔伊斯 Joyce
尤利西斯 Ulysses
[摘要]
本篇论文的目的在于「嗅出」乔伊斯作品《尤利西斯》中的嗅觉要素，同时并将之放进理
论及哲学的框架当中讨论。无论是在理论探讨或文学写作的范畴之内，在人类所有的感官
当中，嗅觉长期处于被忽略及二等的位置，并且常被贬低及抹黑。我们自从柏拉图以降所
传承的理论争战就是头脑与身体、精神与感官的二元对立之战，而嗅觉与气味永远都是属
于次要的、邪恶的身体及感官那一边。然而，《尤利西斯》却是充满了嗅觉描写，并与小
说当中的其它元素相互作用。这个研究希望能彰显《尤利西斯》当中的另类主题，并且建
立一种另类阅读：也就是用「鼻子」来看／嗅这本小说。
语言及气味的关系是第一章的重点。不同于描绘其它感官的语言，人类的气味语言自有其
独特之处。气味靠近时那种无可抗拒的亲密感及渗浸感使得气味的语言总是指向气味的出
处及源头。第二及三章将会处理气味与性的关系。这个研究将会显示布卢姆的欲望始因就
是气味╱香气，那也是促使布卢姆的欲望流动去达成阳性欢愉 (phallic jouissance) 的
触媒。而茉莉那位于「他方」 (elsewhere) 的女性性欲／性相也有可能就是位在她的自发
性欲、嗅觉性欲之中。最后，在德西达的定义之下，气味还可以被读为是一个记号、一个
痕迹、一个签名或是一个名字。气味总是威胁着要取代记忆以及主体的位置，总是要打断
传递的过程，因为就像是「书写」一样，气味／香气带来的是污染 (contamination) 及混
淆 (confusion) 。
[摘要]
The goal of this study is to smell out the olfactory factor in James Joyce’s
Ulysses while at the same time theorize and philosophize it. Human sense of
smell, among all other senses has long been ignored and put to the secondary
position in theoretical or literary writings, as well as trivialized and
denigrated. The theoretical war one inherits from Plato and all the way down
is a war between the head and the body, the spirit and the sensuousness.
Olfaction and scent always belong to the side of body and sensuousness.
Nevertheless, Ulysses is full of such olfactory passages and this olfactory
factor reacts with several other elements in the novel. Through this study,
it is to be hoped that an other theme could be detected and an other reading
of the book could be established: read with one’s nose.
The relationship between scent and language is the focus of the first
chapter. Human language of smell is different from that of other senses or
other things in that it is always a language about source and origin because
of the irresistible olfactory intimacy and immersion. The second and the
third chapter will engage in the close connection between smell and sexuality.
It will be demonstrated that smell/perfume acts as Bloom’s cause of desire,
the catalyst that sets Bloom’s desire going aiming to fulfill his phallic
jouissance. And Molly’s feminine sexuality “elsewhere” may also possibly
be discovered in her autoerotic, olfactory eroticism. Lastly, smell is also a
sign, a mark, a trace, a signature, or a name, in the Derridean definition.
It always threatens to usurp memory, subjectivity and to disrupt the process
of sending because, like writing, smell/perfume introduces contamination and
confusion.
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