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论文名称: 论简·奥斯丁在《爱玛》一书中的妥协艺术
论文名称: Jane Austen's Emma: The Art of Compromise in the Power Discourse
关键词:
简·奥斯丁 Jane Austen
爱玛 Emma
[摘要]
在《爱玛》(Emma) 一书中，次要/边缘化的人物揭示了简·奥斯丁(Jane Austen) 对于阶
级制度，女性困境，和追寻个人自由的批判。如副柯 (Michel Foucault) 的权力理论所
示，破裂、不连续性和缝隙的概念，是阐述统治地位的意识型态和被压制的意识形态之间
如何交互运作的重要依据。我的研究重心不仅集中于主要文本 (main text)，亦着墨于隐
而不显的次要文本(subtexts)。若将简·奥斯丁身为女性作家的处境列入考量，便不难理
解十九世纪的女性作家在写作时，不得不将弦外之音加以掩饰。在表面的故事之下，这些
被隐匿的次要文本隐含着不被社会所接受的深义。
然而，在《爱玛》的结局里，次要文本所隐藏的冲突与分歧皆被排除，并融入主要文本当
中。简·奥斯丁运用妥协的艺术解决小说中呈现的问题。这些被压迫的意识形态并非自然
而和平地消弭，却是受到压制而被迫隐遁。因为简·奥斯丁并非激进的小说家或者改革者
。《爱玛》传达了她对当代社会的观感:个人必须有智慧的选择与协商，以便融入社会。妥
协，是简·奥斯丁为了在维多利亚时代生存下去的写作技巧。毕竟，她在意的不是怎么去
改造社会，而是如何与之共存。
[摘要]
This thesis proposes that Emma exposes Jane Austen's critique of the class
hierarchy, female predicaments, and the forbidden quest for individual
freedom. In terms of Michel Foucault's power theory, the idea of break,
discontinuity and gap is essential to reveal the interplay of the dominant
ideology and the suppressed. My study focuses on the strategies of solving
conflicts of the main text and the submerged subtexts. To take Jane Austen's
anxiety of female authorship into consideration, female authors in the
nineteenth century have to narrate their stories in disguise. The submerged
subtexts conceal its socially unacceptable implication beneath the surface
presentation.
However, in the end of Emma, all discords of the subtext are all eliminated
to fuse into the main text. Jane Austen employs the art of compromise to
resolve all problems, in which those repressed ideologies are not peacefully
eliminated but oppressed. For Jane Austen is not a radical novelist or
reformer. Emma expresses Jane Austen’s view of her contemporary crises:
people have to give up some of individual desires, in order to integrate
within the social system. My study analyzes that the art of compromise is
Jane Austen's narrative technique to survive peacefully with the dominant
ideology in the Victorian Age. Jane Austen's concern lies in how to work
within the society rather than change it.
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