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论文名称: 《坎特伯雷故事集》中婚姻之美学
论文名称: The Aesthetics of Marriage in The Canterbury Tales
关键词:
乔叟 《坎特伯雷故事集》
[摘要]
本论文尝试探讨杰弗瑞.乔叟在其《坎特伯雷故事集》里所呈现的婚姻与中古美学之间
的关系。圣汤马斯.阿奎纳斯(St. Thomas Aquinas)提出美与技艺(art)的理论，主张美乃
由「比例」(proportion)、「清澈」(clarity)与「完整」(integrity)三要素组成，而技
艺具有模仿与制造的特性。本文借用圣汤马斯所提出之美与技艺的理论，对乔叟于其《故
事集》里所描绘的婚姻所蕴含之美与技艺的要素作一诠释。笔者视美与技艺为两种关键性
的美学概念，并以模拟(analogy)为方法重新建构美学与婚姻之间隐含、想象的空间。婚姻
可视为一种美的表现，透过圣汤马斯的美学理论，可分析出《故事集》中呈现的婚姻形式
与内容以及中古美学感受力之间的呼应与差距，以及婚姻如何体现「比例」、「清澈」与
「完整」之美学。本论文第一章从圣汤马斯的「比例」理论探讨《故事集》里〈牛津学者
的故事〉、〈律师的故事〉、〈第二位修女的故事〉、〈绅士地主的故事〉、〈商人的故
事〉、〈磨坊主人的故事〉、〈巴斯妇人的序言〉以及〈巴斯妇人的故事〉中所描述的贵
族婚姻与平民婚姻之形式，如何呼应此一美学要素。第二章着重分析包含物质之美与灵性
之美的「清澈」要素在婚姻中扮演的角色，另一方面，上述多则故事中对于美的此两层级
是否共存于婚姻之辩论也是讨论的焦点。第三章探讨「完整」要素与婚姻之间的密切关联
，并延伸中古技艺的内涵，使之与婚姻中的「生殖技艺」(procreative art)互相连结，进
而分析生殖技艺与婚姻的完整性之间的互动。结论阐明乔叟对于上述故事中贵族与平民的
婚姻美学之立场。
[摘要]
This thesis aims to interpret the elements of beauty and art in the
marriages portrayed in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales by means of St.
Thomas Aquinas’s theory of beauty and that of art. St. Thomas asserts that
beauty consists of three elements: proportion, clarity and integrity, and that
art imitates and denotes production. I take beauty and art as the crucial
concepts and use analogy as the inquiring tool to examine the imaginary domain
between beauty and art as applied to marriage, meanwhile investigating the
implied language of intercommunication between aesthetics and marriage.
Marriage is taken as a representation of beauty; its different forms and
contents portrayed in Chaucer’s various tales will be analyzed so as to see
to what extent they reflect and diverge from medieval aesthetic sensitivity
and how aesthetic theory can be adopted to interpret medieval marriage. In
Chapter One, the theory of “proportion” is applied to the various forms of
marriage depicted in the Tales to explore how the marriage of the nobility and
that of the commoners will correspond to this element of beauty, as portrayed
in “The Clerk’s Tale,” “The Man of Law’s Tale,” “The Second Nun’s Tale,
” “The Franklin’s Tale,” “The Merchant’s Tale,” “The Miller’s Tale,”
“The Wife of Bath’s Prologue” and her tale. Chapter Two examines the roles
the variants of “clarity,” that is, physical and spiritual beauty, play in
marriage, and a debate on the coexistence and non-coexistence of physical and
spiritual beauty of a wife among the pilgrim-tellers will be demonstrated.
Furthermore, in Chapter Three I shall extend the medieval concept of art to
that of the “procreative art” in marriage, and explore the relationship
between the procreative art and the “integrity” of marriage in the
aforementioned tales. The conclusion discusses Chaucer’s positions on the
aesthetics of marriage of the nobility and that of the commoners portrayed in
the tales.
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