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论文名称: 谭恩美小说《喜福会》、《灶君娘娘》与《百种神秘感觉》中的“叙说故事”和“私密话语”
论文名称: Storytelling and Private Talk in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club, The Kitchen God's Wife, and The Hundred Secret Senses
关键词:
谭恩美 Amy Tan
独白 monologue
叙说故事 storytelling
私密话语 private talk
自我 selfhood
集体记忆 community of memory
母女关系 mother-daughter relationship
姊妹情谊 sisterhood
[摘要]
追溯华美文学作品，笔者发现大多数作者都习惯使用「叙说故事」的技巧来建构其小说情
节与形式。畅销华美小说女作家谭恩美，尤其是个中翘楚。她迷人的说故事能力不仅展现
于作者与读者的关系中，更透过小说里的角色发挥得淋漓尽致—不只作者对读者说故事，
作者笔下的女主角也不断地向其它女性角色叙说故事。
身为一名华人读者，笔者认为广受读者好评，在出版市场亦缔造销量佳绩的谭恩美，
的确是吸引、捕捉了美国与华人读者的目光。当笔者以此观点重新阅读《喜福会》、《灶
君娘娘》与《百种神秘感觉》时，便发现其叙事手法可谓三部长篇小说之中最大的特点。
无论是在《喜福会》中的人物独白与多重对话，或者在《灶君娘娘》与《百种神秘感觉》
中不同观点下的叙说故事，所有的女主角皆因此创造出了连结着故事人物、读者与作者三
方的交互关系。因此，本论文将采取女性主义的角度，分析谭恩美的叙事手法（包含「独
白」、「叙说故事」、「私密话语」）如何在这三部长篇小说中运作，并同时审视其与小
说中女主角的关连。
本论文第一章导论详细交代以上提及的论点，笔者各章节所锁定的分析目标与方式。
在第二章中，笔者就三部小说里共同呈现的独白与叙说故事概念，讨论女性角色如何受此
影响，并如何透过它们凝聚「集体记忆」，发展出新的「自我」。第三章处理的是小说中
包括母女关系与女性友谊里，冲突的崩解与融合。集中探讨「私密话语」范畴下的「个人
史的分享」和「秘密的交换」，如何在女性／姊妹情谊里建构完成，藉以让女主角检视误
解，面对彼此。第四章更进一步探讨前章所提出的例子，加以分析，并指出造成她们所面
对的种种难题，其实是来自于中美文化的冲突和摆荡在族裔认同之间的困惑。同时，在双
文化的环境中，这也是谭恩美所面临的尴尬困境。
谭恩美独特的叙事手法，让读者见识到作者的创作功力，更明白了母女／姊妹／女性
情谊中的不断之系。然而，作者在西方出版环境里惯用中国文化特色为素材，并擅于托出
神秘的中国家族史为号召，这样持续重复的创作风格究竟对于她一路走来的写作和未来创
作的可能性是好是坏，最后，亦在本论文末章节里提出探讨。
[摘要]
ABSTRACT
Tracing the style of Chinese-American literary works, I find that most
writers get used to utilizing the skill of storytelling to construct the form
and plots of their novels. Amy Tan, a female Chinese-American bestseller, is
a remarkable novelist among them. Tan's charming talent of telling stories is
not only shown to readers but also is revealed through her characters—she
tells stories to readers and her heroines in novels continuously tell stories
to the other female characters too. As an Chinese reader in Taiwan, I think
that Amy Tan, who gets a lot of good feedback from readers and makes great
selling amounts in the publishing market, really catches Chinese and American
readers' eyes and plays an important role in the history of Chinese-American
literature. Reviewing The Joy Luck Club, The Kitchen God's Wife, and The
Hundred Secret Senses, I found that the discourse of narration is the most
particular trait. No matter what each character's monologues and multiple
dialogues in The Joy Luck Club or various viewpoints of telling stories in The
Hundred Secret Senses and The Kitchen God's Wife, all heroines create the
encountered interrelationship, which is associated with characters, readers,
and the author. Therefore, Amy Tan's employment of the act of multiple
storytelling and monologue toward readers is the main feature of the narrative
style in her novels. Focused on the discourse of narration, this thesis
explores how it works in Tan's three novels with feminist approaches, and
mainly reexamines the bonds between Amy Tan's narration and her female
characters.
Divided into five chapters, the thesis aims at analyzing storytelling,
monologue, and private talk among heroines in Amy Tan's three novels in order
to demonstrate the correlated bonds between the texts. In Chapter Two, the
concept of storytelling in Tan's three novels are analyzed and defined.
Through the monologue, storytelling, and "community of memory", the female
selfhood is associated with characters, readers, and the author. All of them
review their past, and find the true self in the present life. Chapter Three
deals with collision and fusion in Amy Tan's novels, including the sphere of
mother-daughter relationships and sisterhoods. It concentrates on studying
why the private talk, including the share of personal stories and an exchange
of private secrets, is constructed in womanhood, and moreover, it analyzes how
the private talk functions among characters when they experience the process
from miscommunications to understandings. Four pairs of mothers and daughters
in The Joy Luck Club, and the sisterhood between Winnie and Helen in The
Kitchen God's Wife; Kwan and Libby in The Hundred Secret Senses, are the
target of my research. Moreover, Chapter Four studies the dilemmas of the
ambivalent identity in Amy Tan's heroine and her creative writing. According
to the cultural conflicts and ethnic confusions, it firstly explores Amy Tan's
heroines' dilemma in between two cultures, and then draws attention to Amy
Tan' dilemma in controversies of critics. Besides the explosion of a painful
personal/family biography, do more possibilities of style show in Chinese-
American literature? Therefore, Amy Tan's writing style and the problem of
using Chinese mysterious materials toward Americans will be discussed in the
Conclusion.
This thesis studies monologue, storytelling, and private talk in Amy Tan'
s novels and analyzes the interrelationship between female characters she
creates and Chinese-American literature. Because of Amy Tan's particular
narratology, the conflictive female friends, sisters, mothers versus
daughters, and even the author versus readers communicate with each other and
achieve the unbroken bonds. Moreover, all of heroines could re-identify the
self and reconstruct their ideologies for facing the lives in the present, and
the future.
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