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论文名称: 乔治奥维尔在《一九八四》中对人性的两阶段贬抑
论文名称: Two-Staged Reduction in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four
关键词:
人性贬抑 Reduction
乔治奥维尔 George Orwell
一九八四 Nineteen Eighty-Four
讽刺文学 Satire
权力 Power
[摘要]
乔治奥维尔在《一九八四》中对人性的贬抑可分为两个阶段。第一个阶段里，统治者以压
抑人性的方式，达到其追求完美权力的目的。本论文第一章主要探讨政府如何以外部生活
操控百姓的行动和思想：如粗劣的物质生活、净化头脑的「新语」、选择性的国家历史和
个人记忆、以及贫乏的知识等。第二章则深论在位者如何从内部生活剥夺人民保有人性的
能力：如敌对的亲子关系、以生殖为前提的婚姻与性生活、以及无所不在的监控系统等。
第三章中我们可以看出，在如此冷酷无情与机械化的控制下，不但饱受折磨的「党员」变
成没有思想的空壳，就连野心勃勃的「党」也逃不过被贬为没有灵魂的机器人的命运，而
这正是第二阶段人性贬抑的结果。此外，文中拥有高科技与高效率的超级强国－「大洋国
」，其无敌强权其实只是幻象；所谓的「理想国」实际上是个毫无人性的机械城，更是可
怕的人间炼狱。
[摘要]
The aim of my thesis is to argue that reduction in Nineteen Eighty-Four has
two stages. In the first stage, reduction is a terrible means for the Party
to pursue absolute power. Chapter One discusses how the government reduces
the public life of Outer Party members, in terms of poor material life,
restricted language, chosen history, and limited knowledge. Chapter Two
centers on the dehumanization of private life of citizens, especially on
hostile family relationships, barren marriage life, the loss of joy in sex,
and twenty-four-hour surveillance. However, with merciless and mechanical
control, both the ruled and the rulers are reduced to soulless and heartless
automatons, which is how the second-staged reduction shows itself, and which
is my focus in Chapter Three. And Oceania, a seeming Utopia with the mask of
high technology and efficiency, is but an act of imagination, a ruthless world
of mechanism, and an earthy hell.
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