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论文名称: 聪明一线间--由多元智能论看简.奥斯丁之《爱玛》与《劝导》
论文名称: Smart or not Smart: Seeking Multiple Intelligences in Jane Austen's Emma and Persuasion
关键词:
简.奥斯丁 Jane Austen
爱玛 Emma
劝导 Persuasion
自我成长 education
霍华德．迦纳 Howard Gardner
多元智能论 theory of multiple
intelligences
[摘要]
霍华德．迦纳在其著名的「多元智能论」（简称MI理论）中提到，每个人都拥有多元的潜
力与智能，透过教育即在发掘，并引领其心智能力发展，培育问题解决的能力，而这也是
珍．奥斯汀在创造小说人物时的主要精神。由于《爱玛》和《劝导》的写作时间相近，作
品风格也异于奥斯汀的其它四本小说，因此，以多元智能论为出发点，本论文旨在探讨这
两部作品中，奥斯汀如何塑造女主角，如何依其性格发挥多元智能以追求幸福，使她们得
以展现自身特有的心智能力，解决成长历程中所碰到的种种问题。
为此，本论文的主要研究方法，在于分析爱玛．伍德豪斯和安．艾略特这两位女主角的多
元智能，其顺序为语言、逻辑-数学、视觉-空间、肢体-动觉、音乐、人际、内省与自然智
能，进而以书中场景，说明其如何展现问题解决的能力。文中还将讨论书中次要人物的重
要性，说明在女主角的成长过程中，他们扮演的是帮助或阻碍的角色。
本论文包含四个章节，第一章阐述评论家对奥斯汀作品中，女主角成长的一般看法。第二
章及第三章分别讨论爱玛．伍德豪斯和安．艾略特，说明她们如何以多元智能，解决所面
对的难题。之后，依这八种智能，讨论这两部作品中，奥斯汀对于自我成长看法的变化，
以为本篇论文的总结。
[摘要]
As Howard Gardner, who is best known for his theory of Multiple Intelligences (
MI theory) points out, individuals can use their intelligences to solve
problems, so do Jane Austen's heroines. In addition to the time sequence of
publication, there is a change of writing style in Emma and Persuasion while
they also differ from Austen's previous four novels. Then, Emma and
Persuasion are the major texts I am going to study in this thesis. Through
analyzing the text by MI theory, my thesis proposes to study how Austen
creates characters and designs appropriate ways for them to pursue their
happiness by the use of multiple intelligences. I argue that their education
toward maturity goes forward by solving problems with their intellectual
competences in distinctive ways.
Because of this, the analysis of the multiple intelligences of Emma Woodhouse
and Anne Elliot will be the major method of approaching their problem-solving
ability. Each one's intelligences will be discussed in the following order:
linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical,
interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist. Together with this, I will
present the importance of some characters who stand for hindering or helping
the heroine undergo the learning process.
The First Chapter presents various critics' thinking on the idea of education
in Austen's works. In Chapter Two on Emma, there are seven major problems
waiting for Emma to overcome. Most of them relate to her relationships with
other characters, such as Harriet Smith, Mr. Elton, Jane Fairfax, Miss Bates,
Frank Churchill, Mr. Knightley, and herself. Chapter Three mainly deals with
Anne in Persuasion. With her multiple intelligences, Anne's main task is to
solve two problems: awakening her emotions and deciding who her true love is.
In the last chapter, the detailed comparison between Emma and Anne in terms of
the eight intelligences concludes this study.
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