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论文名称: 艾米莉.勃朗特《呼啸山庄》中场景要素之研究
论文名称: The Elements Making Up the Setting of Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights
关键词:
呼啸山庄 Emily Bronte
场景要素 Wuthering Heights
elements of setting
[摘要]
十九世纪英国女作家艾米莉．勃朗特（Emily Bronte）穷其毕生精力所完成之伟大巨着《
呼啸山庄》（Wuthering Heights），于一九四八年被英国作家毛姆（W. S. Maugham）推
崇为世界十大小说之一；二００二年五月，这本脍炙人口的的出色小说更获挪威文坛赏识
，入选为「有史以来世界文学百部经典」之一。此本小说，系以十八世纪末狂风呼啸的英
国约克夏荒野为其沉郁背景，次第开展出具毁灭性爱恨情仇的动人故事。
本论文共分五章，以批评家霍尔门（C. Hugh Holman）对场景的定义为基础，详述构
成此本小说场景的各个不同要素：
第一章简介作者生平、写作背景及研究动机。
第二章讨论地理要素，包括地形、景观，乃至房间门、窗之摆设。冬夏迥异的荒原，是主
角们演出的壮丽舞台；呼啸山庄和画眉田庄两大庄院，不仅主控全景，更各具特色，各有
其象征意义──前者草木稀疏，被视为粗鄙不羁、原始自然之生活代表；后者则座落于优
美山谷，以绿树、高墙围绕，代表上流阶级之文明生活。而门、窗、锁、钥的意象，则凸
显出人物角色之心与灵对内在和外在的领悟。
第三章探索时间要素及小说引人入胜的叙述手法。艾米莉以巧妙的手法展现小说精细严密
的时间之来龙去脉，其对天候和季节的描述象征人物角色的情感和举动，使场景生动逼真
，富于戏剧效果。艾米莉采用洛克伍德（Lockwood）和乃莉（Nelly）二人的双轨主叙述法
，结合少部分扼要的多重叙述法，组成故事的核心，提升了这部惊心动魄的原创小说之活
泼本质与奥妙。
第四章详论一般性的环境要素。在小说中，处处可见二元论的概念，呈现在各人物角色的
工作和日常生活的态度上。两大庄院的宗教道德观与社经地位也都有对比的关联性。
末章是结语，浓缩小说中丰富且严谨之场景所有要素，并说明《呼啸山庄》被公认为杰作
的原由。
[摘要]
Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights was reputed to be one of the ten great
novels in the world by W. Somerset Maugham in 1948. Similarly, in Norway in
May of 2002, this remarkable novel deserved high praise again as one of a
hundred classics of world literature in all times. Emily Bronte, a talented
writer with a vein of stoicism and mysticism in her personality, devoted
herself to constructing her only novel. The story of doomed passions set
against the gloomy background of the bleak, windswept Yorkshire moorland at
the end of eighteenth century is its most noticeable characteristic.
This thesis is composed of five chapters. Based on C. Hugh Holman’s
definition, different aspects of the elements making up the setting of the
novel are addressed.
The first chapter is a brief introduction to the author’s life, the
background of the writing, and the motivation of my study.
The second chapter concentrates on the element of the geographical
location, including its topography, scenery, and such physical arrangements as
the location of the windows and doors in a room. The moors with many guises,
dreary in winter but divine in summer, provide a stage of grandeur for the
passionate protagonists to act out. The two houses not only dominate the
landscape, but also take on contrasting characteristics and atmosphere. The
vegetation around Wuthering Heights is sparse and the house is seen as the
home of life in the raw, of the rough indiscipline, and of unbridled
emotions. Thrushcross Grange, set in a pleasant valley and surrounded by
garden trees and the high wall of the court stands for the splendid,
cultivated and civilized life of the landed gentry. The group of interrelated
images based on windows, doors, locks, and keys are prominent as
representations of minds and spirit’s grasp of interior and exterior.
The third chapter deals with the use of time as well as the powerful and
exciting narration. With a skilful handling, Emily demonstrates her
meticulous time sequence in the novel. Her description of the weather and
seasons symbolizes feelings and actions of the characters, making the setting
vivid and full of dramatic effects. Emily’s combining the larger frameworks
of Lockwood and Nelly’s double narratives with other smaller more condensed
multiple narratives form the core of the story, enhancing the vigorous quality
and profundity of this startlingly original novel.
The fourth chapter elaborates the elements of the characters’ general
environments. Throughout the novel, the concept of dualism is revealed in
their occupations and daily manner of living. The religions, the ethics, the
social class, and the economic roles associated with the two houses are all
set in contrast.
The last chapter is the conclusion, which summarizes all the elements
making up the fully and precisely created setting of the novel. The reason
why Wuthering Heights becomes widely acknowledged as a masterpiece is
elucidated as well.
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