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论文名称: 莎剧《威尼斯商人》中自我与空间的建构
论文名称: The Constructions of Self and Space in Shakespeare's“The Merchant of Venice”
关键词:
莎士比亚 Shakespeare
威尼斯商人 The Merchant of Venice
身分认同 Identity
空间 Space
自我建构 Construction of self
流动空间 Fluidity of space
资本主义 Capitalism
列斐伏尔 Lefebrve
[摘要]
莎士比亚在「威尼斯商人」一剧中呈现了文艺复兴时期都铎王朝的社会情况与文化，并暗
喻了十六世纪资本主义所带来的改变与影响。资本主义与市场的兴起让文艺复兴时期自我
定位的问题变得复杂，自我的建构与外在因素，诸如：商品、空间等成为不可分割的一体
。而都铎王朝的宗教纷争，也让自我意识有了更进一步的内化自醒。航海事业与商业市场
的竞争也让不同的空间开始产生了流动与同构型，本论文也将讨论剧中人物的空间实践如
何改变空间性，使得两个原本应属不同空间的世界变得相似；在本剧中，威尼斯和贝尔蒙
的空间性就因为个体的空间实践与挪用而有所改变。不同的空间会产生不同的自我意象，
而空间性也非一成不变，它会因不同个体的空间实践而产成微妙的变化与流动。
本论文的第一章节将从伊丽莎白时代的历史社会背景着眼，讨论自我建构如何受到内化与
外化的影响。第二章将解构传统评论家对本剧中空间场景的解读。评论家对莎士比亚剧中
所呈现的两个社会通常用对比的方式加以解读。此章将引用亨利.列斐伏尔 (Henri
Lefebrve)的空间理论来验证本剧中空间的同构型与变化性。第三章讨论本剧中流动的空间
与自我建构的关系，并进而阐述空间对自我认同的影响，以及剧中角色如何改变在空间里
所产生的社会关系。总而言之，本篇论文试图常是用空间理论的方式来讨论文艺复兴时期
的人际社会关系与自我建构的问题。空间不再只是一个静止无变的物质，相反的，它改变
了我们对环境、对自我主体的看法，而个体的社会活动和空间实践也让不同的空间性产生
更多元的变化。
[摘要]
This thesis investigates the constructions of self and the fluidity of space
in the sixteen century, with specific focus on Shakespeare’s The Merchant of
Venice. Grounded with a new historical reading and applied a postmodern
theory on space, I discuss how the development of self is linked with space
and the changeable spatiality makes the process of self-identity incomplete.
The focus of Chapter One is on the way of constructions of self in the
sixteenth Elizabethan England. By historicizing the sociopolitical background
in the sixteenth century, I discuss the existence of “other” is needed in
the way of constructions of self. Also, the market-oriented social atmosphere
makes the self-identity inseparable with personal possessions. The radical
change in this era change the stable self-image as The Merchant of Venice
discloses them.
The blossom of capitalism in this age also changes the concept of space.
Chapter Two explores the power of capitalism and money-oriented concern change
the spatiality of the two worlds in this play—Venice and Belmont—and
moreover, makes the two opposite spaces become similar and mirror each other.
I argue that by characters’ spatial practices in a certain space, the
construction of space can be reshaped or deconstructed.
In Chapter Three, the two issues of self and space will be brought together.
I examine the relationship between the self and space and further to suggest
that the self-identity is hardly to achieve results from the collapse of
different spaces, such as the public space and the private space. The non-
places in The Merchant of Venice help me demonstrate the absence of private
space and its relationship with self-constructions.
To sum up, identity formations in the Renaissance are manipulated internally
by the religious quarrels and externally by the impact of capitalism and the
non-place settings in this play cannot offer a sense of identity and location
for a self.
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